コロナウィルスに対する、亜塩素酸ナトリウムの効果
2020.07.31
Sodium Chlorite Against Coronavirus
コロナウィルスに対する、亜塩素酸ナトリウムの効果
Apr 18, 2020 / Dr. Brian Keller
中国の武漢から広がったCOVID-19を引き起こす新型コロナウイルス(別名SARS-CoV-2)。その感染拡大の制御と防止のメカニズムが今まさに科学的に研究され、レビューされています。 これはコロナウイルスを含む微生物に対する化学薬品、特に亜塩素酸ナトリウムの効力のレビューでもあるのです。
ウィルス汚染の除去は、病気を引き起こす可能性のあるウィルスの拡散を抑える上でとても重要です。 物理的/化学的な汚染を除去する方法は、石鹸と温水で少なくとも20秒間手を洗うことが最も効果的です[1]。 ウィルス除去に使われる殺菌剤としては、米国環境保護庁(EPA)リストにある化学物質のエタノール、過酸化水素、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム、第4アンモニウム、亜塩素酸ナトリウム(別名二酸化塩素)が含まれます[2]。 これらの化学物質が効果を発揮するためには、特定の濃度と接触時間が必要です。
このリストの中の亜塩素酸ナトリウム(ClO2と略される)は、肌につけても飲んでも両方とも安全です。 米国食品医薬品局(FDA)は、穀粉の漂白[3]や野菜や果物の消毒[4]のための食品添加物としての使用を認めています。 さらに、米国環境保護庁(EPA)は、亜塩素酸ナトリウムを水道水の消毒剤として使用することを許可しています(水質に対して0.8 ppm未満)[5]。
亜塩素酸ナトリウムはコロナウイルスSARS-CoVを含む多くのウイルスを不活化することが示されています[6、7、8]。 これらの病原性ウイルスの不活性化の効果は、亜塩素酸ナトリウムと次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの両方とも比較的低い濃度と短い接触時間で達成されます。
2020年4月20日現在、現在新型コロナウイルス(SARS-CoV-2)が拡大し続けている最中に、American Chemistry Council(ACC)Center for Biocide Chemistries(CBC)は、新たに出現した、もしくは急激に拡大したウィルス性の病原体に対して効果があるとされる製品のリストをまとめました。そのリストの最上位には亜塩素酸ナトリウムが含まれているのです。
現在の文献を検索してレビューすることにより、亜塩素酸ナトリウムはSARS-CoV-2を含むウイルスを不活化するために使用する有効な成分であることがわかります。
Sodium Chlorite Against Coronavirus
Apr 18, 2020 / Dr. Brian Keller
Germs are a part of everyday life and are found in our air, soil, water, and in and on our bodies. Some germs are helpful, others are harmful. Most germs live in and on our bodies without causing harm and some even help us to stay healthy. Only a small portion of germs are known to cause infection. Germs don’t move themselves. Germs depend on people, animals, the environment, and inanimate objects like countertops for example: tables, doorknobs, light switches, handles, desks, toilets, faucets, sinks, and electronics, that move and to come in contact with people. There are a few general ways that germs travel: a) through contact (i.e. touching others), 2) inhalation of expired droplets from infected people, and 3) touching surfaces that have been exposed to the germ and then touching our face, nose or eyes.
As the coronavirus causing COVID-19 (aka SARS-Cov2) has spread from its origin in Wuhan, China, mechanisms for the control of the spread and prevention of the infection that it can cause are being scientifically researched and reviewed. This is a review of the efficacy of chemical agents, specifically sodium chlorite, against microbiological organisms including coronavirus.
Decontamination is a key part in abating the spread of any microbiological organism that can potentially cause disease. Physical/chemical decontamination is most effectively done through washing hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds [1]. Inactivation strategies with biocidal agents used for chemical disinfection include several chemicals, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, quaternary ammonium, sodium chlorite (aka chlorine dioxide) to name the most important on the EPA list [2]. These chemicals require certain concentrations and contact times to be effective.
Chlorine dioxide (abbreviated as ClO2) is safe for both topical and oral applications. It is allowed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used as a food additive for bleaching of cereal flours [3] and disinfection of vegetables and fruits [4]. Furthermore, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has allowed ClO2 to be used as a disinfectant of tap water (less than 0.8 ppm for targeted water quality) [5].
Chlorine dioxide has been shown to inactivate many viruses including coronavirus SARS-CoV [6,7,8]. The effectiveness of inactivation of these pathogenic viruses is achieved at relatively low concentrations and short period of contact times with both chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite. As of April 20, 2020 The American Chemistry Council’s (ACC) Center for Biocide Chemistries (CBC) has compiled a list of products that have been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use against emerging enveloped viral pathogens and can be used during the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Included in the Tier I list are products containing chlorine dioxide.
By doing a through search and review of the current literature we find that chlorine dioxide is an effective ingredient to use to inactivate viruses including COVID-19.
References:(参照文献)
2. https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2
3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [website on the internet]. Title 21—Food and Drugs Chapter I- Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services Subchapter B— Food for Human Consumption Part 137 Cereal flours and related products
[updated 2009 Apr 1; cited 2009 Nov 15]. Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearc h.cfm?CFRPart=137&showFR=1/
4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [homepage on the internet]. Title 21—Food and Drugs Chapter I- Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services Part 173 – Secondary direct food additives permitted in food for human consumption – Table of Contents Subpart D–Specific Usage Additives Sec. 173.300 Chlorine dioxide. [updated 2002 Apr 1; cited 2009 Nov 15]. Available from: http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2002/ aprqtr/21cfr173.300.htm/
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): 40 CFR Parts 9, 141, and 142 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts; Final Rule. Washington DC: Dec 1998.
6. Wang, XW, et al., Study on the Resistance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus, J Virol Methods, 2005 Jun;126(1-2):171-7.
7. Miura T, Shibata T, Antiviral Effect of Chlorine Dioxide against Influenza Virus and Its Application for Infection Control, Antimicro Agents J, 2010, 2, 71-78
8. Sanekata T, Fukuda T, et al. Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Chlorine Dioxide and Sodium Hypochlorite against Feline Calicivirus, Human Influenza Virus, Measles Virus, Canine Distemper Virus, Human Herpesvirus, Human Andemovirs, Canine Ademovirus and Canine Parovirus, Biocontrol Sciencee, 2010, Vol. 15, No. 2, 45-49.
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